Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy

Interventions

This page lists published intervention papers and reviews in which BCTs have been coded using BCTTv1 up to end of July 2018.

You can search for a paper by author, target behaviour or BCT. To search for a particular BCT, you can select one or more options from the drop-down list by clicking on ‘Filter by BCT’. You can also add new papers by clicking on ‘Add New Citation’. This must be a peer-reviewed intervention or review paper that is not already listed on the page, which has identified BCTs using BCTTv1. You will receive an email notification once the citation you add has been approved.

If you would like to generate papers and reviews with interventions coded by BCTTv1 that have been published since July 2018, click here for instructions.

Showing results 1-5 of 405
  • Tailored and Adaptive Computerized Cognitive Training in Older Adults at Risk for Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

    PMID: 28922158

    Computerized Cognitive Training (CCT) has been shown to improve cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mood-related neuropsychiatric symptoms (MrNPS), but many questions remain unresolved.

    To evaluate the extent to which CCT benefits older adults with both MCI and MrNPS, and its effects on meta-cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes, as well as establish whether adapting difficulty levels and tailoring to individuals' profile is superior to generic training.

    Older adults with MCI (n = 9), MrNPS (n = 11), or both (MCI+, n = 25) were randomized into a home-based individually-tailored and adaptive CCT (n = 21) or an active control condition (AC; n = 23) in a double-blind design. Interventions lasted 8-12 weeks and outcomes were assessed after the intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up.

    Participants in both conditions reported greater satisfaction with their everyday memory following intervention and at follow-up. However, participants in the CCT condition showed greater improvement on composite measures of memory, learning, and global cognition at follow-up. Participants with MrNPS in the CCT condition were also found to have improved mood at 3-month follow-up and reported using fewer memory strategies at the post-intervention and follow-up assessments. There was no evidence that participants with MCI+ were disadvantaged relative to the other diagnostic conditions. Finally, informant-rated caregiver burden declined at follow-up assessment in the CCT condition relative to the AC condition.

    Home-based CCT with adaptive difficulty and personal tailoring appears superior to more generic CCT in relation to both cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes. Mechanisms of treatment effect and future directions are discussed.

    Show Abstract
    Type:
    Systematic Review
    Target behaviour: Other
    BCTs: 1.1 Goal setting (behavior), 1.2 Problem solving, 1.4 Action planning, 1.5 Review behavior goal(s), 1.8 Behavioral contract, 1.9 Commitment, 2.1 Monitoring of behavior by others without feedback, 2.3 Self-monitoring of behavior, 2.4 Self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behavior, 2.7 Feedback on outcome(s) of behavior, 3.2 Social support (practical), 4.1 Instruction on how to perform a behavior, 5.1 Information about health consequences, 9.1 Credible source, 12.1 Restructuring the physical environment, 13.3 Incompatible beliefs

    Bahar-Fuchs Alex, Webb Shannon, Bartsch Lauren, Clare Linda, Rebok George, Cherbuin Nicolas, Anstey Kaarin J - Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD [60:889-911] (2017)

  • Development of a novel motivational interviewing (MI) informed peer-support intervention to support mothers to breastfeed for longer.

    PMID: 29642864 PMCID: PMC5896150 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1725-1

    Many women in the UK stop breastfeeding before they would like to, and earlier than is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Given the potential health benefits for mother and baby, new ways of supporting women to breastfeed for longer are required. The purpose of this study was to develop and characterise a novel Motivational Interviewing (MI) informed breastfeeding peer-support intervention.

    Qualitative interviews with health professionals and service providers (n = 14), and focus groups with mothers (n = 14), fathers (n = 3), and breastfeeding peer-supporters (n = 15) were carried out to understand experiences of breastfeeding peer-support and identify intervention options. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically. Consultation took place with a combined professional and lay Stakeholder Group (n = 23). The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) guided intervention development process used the findings of the qualitative research and stakeholder consultation, alongside evidence from existing literature, to identify: the target behaviour to be changed; sources of this behaviour based on the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation (COM-B) model; intervention functions that could alter this behaviour; and; mode of delivery for the intervention. Behaviour change techniques included in the intervention were categorised using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy Version 1 (BCTTv1).

    Building knowledge, skills, confidence, and providing social support were perceived to be key functions of breastfeeding peer-support interventions that aim to decrease early discontinuation of breastfeeding. These features of breastfeeding peer-support mapped onto the BCW education, training, modelling and environmental restructuring intervention functions. Behaviour change techniques (BCTTv1) included social support, problem solving, and goal setting. The intervention included important inter-personal relational features (e.g. trust, honesty, kindness), and the BCTTv1 needed adaptation to incorporate this.

    The MI-informed breastfeeding peer-support intervention developed using this systematic and user-informed approach has a clear theoretical basis and well-described behaviour change techniques. The process described could be useful in developing other complex interventions that incorporate peer-support and/or MI.

    Show Abstract
    Type:
    Intervention
    Target behaviour: Other
    BCTs: 1.1 Goal setting (behavior), 1.2 Problem solving, 1.3 Goal setting (outcome), 1.4 Action planning, 1.5 Review behavior goal(s), 1.7 Review outcome goal(s), 1.9 Commitment, 3.1 Social support (unspecified), 3.2 Social support (practical), 3.3 Social support (emotional), 4.1 Instruction on how to perform a behavior, 5.1 Information about health consequences, 5.3 Information about social and environmental consequences, 5.6 Information about emotional consequences, 6.1 Demonstration of the behavior, 6.2 Social comparison, 9.2 Pros and cons, 10.4 Social reward, 13.2 Framing/reframing, 13.3 Incompatible beliefs, 13.5 Identity associated with changed behavior, 15.4 Self-talk

    Phillips Rhiannon, Copeland Lauren, Grant Aimee, Sanders Julia, Gobat Nina, Tedstone Sally, Stanton Helen, Merrett Laura, Rollnick Stephen, Robling Michael, Brown Amy, Hunter Billie, Fitzsimmons Deborah, Regan Sian, Trickey Heather, Paranjothy Shantini - BMC pregnancy and childbirth [18:90] (2018)

  • Improving Behavioral Support for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: What Are the Barriers to Stopping and Which Behavior Change Techniques Can Influence These? Application of Theoretical Domains Framework.

    PMID: 29462994 PMCID: PMC5858428 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020359

    Behavioral support interventions are used to help pregnant smokers stop; however, of those tested, few are proven effective. Systematic research developing effective pregnancy-specific behavior change techniques (BCTs) is ongoing. This paper reports contributory work identifying potentially-effective BCTs relative to known important barriers and facilitators (B&Fs) to smoking cessation in pregnancy; to detect priority areas for BCTs development. A Nominal Group Technique with cessation experts ( = 12) elicited an expert consensus on B&Fs most influencing women's smoking cessation and those most modifiable through behavioral support. Effective cessation interventions in randomized trials from a recent Cochrane review were coded into component BCTs using existing taxonomies. B&Fs were categorized using Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) domains. Matrices, mapping BCT taxonomies against TDF domains, were consulted to investigate the extent to which BCTs in existing interventions target key B&Fs. Experts ranked "smoking a social norm" and "quitting not a priority" as most important barriers and "desire to protect baby" an important facilitator to quitting. From 14 trials, 23 potentially-effective BCTs were identified (e.g., information about consequences). Most B&Fs fell into "Social Influences", "Knowledge", "Emotions" and "Intentions" TDF domains; few potentially-effective BCTs mapped onto every TDF domain. B&Fs identified by experts as important to cessation, are not sufficiently targeted by BCT's currently within interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy.

    Show Abstract
    Type:
    Intervention
    Target behaviour: Smoking
    BCTs: 1.2 Problem solving, 1.4 Action planning, 1.9 Commitment, 2.2 Feedback on behavior, 2.6 Biofeedback, 3.1 Social support (unspecified), 5.1 Information about health consequences, 8.7 Graded tasks, 9.1 Credible source, 9.2 Pros and cons, 10.10 Reward (outcome), 11.1 Pharmacological support, 11.2 Reduce negative emotions, 15.1 Verbal persuasion about capability

    Campbell Katarzyna A, Fergie Libby, Coleman-Haynes Tom, Cooper Sue, Lorencatto Fabiana, Ussher Michael, Dyas Jane, Coleman Tim - International journal of environmental research and public health [15:] (2018)

  • Using the Medical Research Council framework for development and evaluation of complex interventions in a low resource setting to develop a theory-based treatment support intervention delivered via SMS text message to improve blood pressure control.

    PMID: 29361934 PMCID: PMC5782371 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2808-9

    Several frameworks now exist to guide intervention development but there remains only limited evidence of their application to health interventions based around use of mobile phones or devices, particularly in a low-resource setting. We aimed to describe our experience of using the Medical Research Council (MRC) Framework on complex interventions to develop and evaluate an adherence support intervention for high blood pressure delivered by SMS text message. We further aimed to describe the developed intervention in line with reporting guidelines for a structured and systematic description.

    We used a non-sequential and flexible approach guided by the 2008 MRC Framework for the development and evaluation of complex interventions.

    We reviewed published literature and established a multi-disciplinary expert group to guide the development process. We selected health psychology theory and behaviour change techniques that have been shown to be important in adherence and persistence with chronic medications. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with various stakeholders identified ways in which treatment adherence could be supported and also identified key features of well-regarded messages: polite tone, credible information, contextualised, and endorsed by identifiable member of primary care facility staff. Direct and indirect user testing enabled us to refine the intervention including refining use of language and testing of interactive components.

    Our experience shows that using a formal intervention development process is feasible in a low-resource multi-lingual setting. The process enabled us to pre-test assumptions about the intervention and the evaluation process, allowing the improvement of both. Describing how a multi-component intervention was developed including standardised descriptions of content aimed to support behaviour change will enable comparison with other similar interventions and support development of new interventions. Even in low-resource settings, funders and policy-makers should provide researchers with time and resources for intervention development work and encourage evaluation of the entire design and testing process.

    The trial of the intervention is registered with South African National Clinical Trials Register number (SANCTR DOH-27-1212-386; 28/12/2012); Pan Africa Trial Register (PACTR201411000724141; 14/12/2013); ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT02019823 ; 24/12/2013).

    Show Abstract
    Type:
    Intervention
    Target behaviour: Other
    BCTs: 1.2 Problem solving, 1.3 Goal setting (outcome), 1.4 Action planning, 1.5 Review behavior goal(s), 1.8 Behavioral contract, 1.9 Commitment, 3.1 Social support (unspecified), 3.2 Social support (practical), 3.3 Social support (emotional), 5.1 Information about health consequences, 5.2 Salience of consequences, 5.5 Anticipated regret, 8.1 Behavioral practice/ rehearsal, 8.2 Behavior substitution, 8.4 Habit reversal, 8.6 Generalisation of a target behavior

    Bobrow Kirsten, Farmer Andrew, Cishe Nomazizi, Nwagi Ntobeko, Namane Mosedi, Brennan Thomas P, Springer David, Tarassenko Lionel, Levitt Naomi - BMC health services research [18:33] (2018)

  • Structured goal planning and supportive telephone followup in rheumatology care: results from a pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial.

    PMID: 29361197

    To evaluate patient-reported health effects of an add-on structured goal planning and supportive telephone followup rehabilitation program compared with traditional rehabilitation programs in patients with rheumatic diseases.

    In this pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial 389 patients with rheumatic diseases recruited from six rehabilitation centres received either traditional rehabilitation or traditional rehabilitation extended with an add-on program tailored to individual needs. The add-on program comprised a self-management booklet and usage of motivational interviewing in structured individualized goal planning and four supportive followup phone-calls after discharge. Data were collected by questionnaires on admission and discharge from rehabilitation stay, and 6 months and 12 months after discharge. Primary outcome was health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) measured by the Patient Generated Index (PGI, 0-100, 0=low). Secondary outcomes included patient-reported health status, self-efficacy, pain, fatigue, global disease activity and motivation for change. The main statistical analysis was a linear repeated measures mixed model performed on the intention to treat population using all available data.

    A significant treatment effect of the add-on intervention on HR-QoL was found on discharge (mean difference = 3.32 [95% CI: 0.27, 6.37], p=0.03). No significant between-group differences were found after 6 or 12 months. Both groups showed positive changes in HR-QoL following rehabilitation which gradually declined, although the values remained at higher levels after 6 and 12 months compared with baseline values.

    The add-on program enhanced the short-term effect of rehabilitation with respect to patient-specific HR-QoL, but it did not prolong the effect as intended. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

    Show Abstract
    Type:
    Intervention
    Target behaviour: Other
    BCTs: 1.1 Goal setting (behavior), 1.2 Problem solving, 1.3 Goal setting (outcome), 1.4 Action planning, 1.5 Review behavior goal(s), 1.6 Discrepancy between current behavior and goal, 1.7 Review outcome goal(s), 1.9 Commitment, 2.2 Feedback on behavior, 2.4 Self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behavior, 3.1 Social support (unspecified), 3.3 Social support (emotional), 4.1 Instruction on how to perform a behavior, 6.1 Demonstration of the behavior, 8.7 Graded tasks, 9.2 Pros and cons, 9.3 Comparative imagining of future outcomes, 11.2 Reduce negative emotions, 11.3 Conserving mental resources, 13.2 Framing/reframing, 13.3 Incompatible beliefs, 13.5 Identity associated with changed behavior, 15.2 Mental rehearsal of successful performance, 15.3 Focus on past success, 15.4 Self-talk

    Berdal Gunnhild, Bø Ingvild, Dager Turid N, Dingsør Anne, Eppeland Siv G, Hagfors Jon, Hamnes Bente, Mowinckel Petter, Nielsen Merete, Sand-Svartrud Anne-Lene, Slungaard Bente, Wigers Sigrid H, Hagen Kåre B, Dagfinrud Hanne S, Kjeken Ingvild - Arthritis care & research (2018)

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To evaluate patient-reported health effects of an add-on structured goal planning and supportive telephone followup rehabilitation program compared with traditional rehabilitation programs in patients with rheumatic diseases.<\/p>

In this pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial 389 patients with rheumatic diseases recruited from six rehabilitation centres received either traditional rehabilitation or traditional rehabilitation extended with an add-on program tailored to individual needs. The add-on program comprised a self-management booklet and usage of motivational interviewing in structured individualized goal planning and four supportive followup phone-calls after discharge. Data were collected by questionnaires on admission and discharge from rehabilitation stay, and 6 months and 12 months after discharge. Primary outcome was health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) measured by the Patient Generated Index (PGI, 0-100, 0=low). Secondary outcomes included patient-reported health status, self-efficacy, pain, fatigue, global disease activity and motivation for change. The main statistical analysis was a linear repeated measures mixed model performed on the intention to treat population using all available data.<\/p>

A significant treatment effect of the add-on intervention on HR-QoL was found on discharge (mean difference = 3.32 [95% CI: 0.27, 6.37], p=0.03). No significant between-group differences were found after 6 or 12 months. Both groups showed positive changes in HR-QoL following rehabilitation which gradually declined, although the values remained at higher levels after 6 and 12 months compared with baseline values.<\/p>

The add-on program enhanced the short-term effect of rehabilitation with respect to patient-specific HR-QoL, but it did not prolong the effect as intended. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<\/p>","abstJSON":"{\\\"PubmedArticle\\\":{\\\"MedlineCitation\\\":{\\\"@attributes\\\":{\\\"Status\\\":\\\"Publisher\\\",\\\"Owner\\\":\\\"NLM\\\"},\\\"PMID\\\":\\\"29361197\\\",\\\"DateRevised\\\":{\\\"Year\\\":\\\"2018\\\",\\\"Month\\\":\\\"01\\\",\\\"Day\\\":\\\"23\\\"},\\\"Article\\\":{\\\"@attributes\\\":{\\\"PubModel\\\":\\\"Print-Electronic\\\"},\\\"Journal\\\":{\\\"ISSN\\\":\\\"2151-4658\\\",\\\"JournalIssue\\\":{\\\"@attributes\\\":{\\\"CitedMedium\\\":\\\"Internet\\\"},\\\"PubDate\\\":{\\\"Year\\\":\\\"2018\\\",\\\"Month\\\":\\\"Jan\\\",\\\"Day\\\":\\\"23\\\"}},\\\"Title\\\":\\\"Arthritis care & research\\\",\\\"ISOAbbreviation\\\":\\\"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)\\\"},\\\"ArticleTitle\\\":\\\"Structured goal planning and supportive telephone followup in rheumatology care: results from a pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial.\\\",\\\"ELocationID\\\":\\\"10.1002\\\/acr.23520\\\",\\\"Abstract\\\":{\\\"AbstractText\\\":[\\\"To evaluate patient-reported health effects of an add-on structured goal planning and supportive telephone followup rehabilitation program compared with traditional rehabilitation programs in patients with rheumatic diseases.\\\",\\\"In this pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial 389 patients with rheumatic diseases recruited from six rehabilitation centres received either traditional rehabilitation or traditional rehabilitation extended with an add-on program tailored to individual needs. 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